Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) comprise 12 protein components, VirB1–VirB11 and VirD4. VirB2 forms a pilus and is co-purified with VirB5. VirB4, VirB11 and VirD4 are ATPases powering pilus assembly ...

For patients with heart failure and reduced or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, iron deficiency is common and associated with more severe symptoms, worse quality of life and an ...

Advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus have led to the emergence of immunoglobulin-based therapy as a ...

Inotrope use in heart failure treatment was associated with improved symptoms, but worse survival in clinical trials. However, these studies predated use of modern heart failure therapies. This study ...