Proposed by Egyptian scientists, the proposed GIS technique considers a pumped-hydro project's head and elevation difference, the penstock-length distance from the base plant, the site's slopes ...

The geographer's spatial diffusion theory is combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to provide a new framework for predicting residential single-family development patterns. We ...

Methods: Distance, slope, stream crossings, and vegetation density were incorporated into a least-cost model of energetic expenditure for human access to locations.