Many cells comprise the tumor microenvironment, but endothelial cells are particularly crucial. They line blood vessels, regulating blood flow and inflammation, and their cell junctions are the ...

Symptoms of stage 3 RCC vary; some patients experience blood in the urine, flank pain, fatigue, weight loss, or a palpable ...

Researchers from the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) have published a review analyzing the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells to ...

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting T cells has enhanced clinical outcomes in patients with renal and bladder cancers; however, response rates remain limited, particularly in cases of ...

Natural killer cells, also referred to as NK cells, play several major roles in the body's defense against cancers like renal cell carcinoma. Natural killer cells, also referred to as NK cells, play ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that begins with tissue damage and gradually leads to loss of kidney ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the global population and is expected to become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide within the next two decades. Perhaps surprisingly, ...