An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers ...

The extension of the myotomy onto the gastric wall (clearly the most critical and challenging part of the operation) proved difficult because of poor exposure, with the consequent risk of a short ...

Mumbai doctors successfully perform a complex POEM procedure on a 14-month-old boy with Achalasia Cardia, ensuring his ...