Broadly speaking, apples grow on trees in two basic configurations, spur bearing and tip bearing. The most common type we see nowadays are spur-bearing trees. Spurs are modified shoots usually less ...

If you plant a seed from a Gala apple, the chances are one in a hundred (or less) that the fruit produced from the tree that grows will be sweet. As Henry David Thoreau remarked, such seedling-grown ...

Fruit thinning plays a crucial role in apple production, balancing crop load to ensure optimum fruit size, colour, firmness and overall quality. This cultural practice involves the deliberate removal ...